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SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 2026 · ISSUE No. 217

B1 · IntermediateAdapted from El Mundo

Drones Over Kyiv: Science and Health Under Fire

Drones sobre Kiev: cuando la ciencia y la salud son objetivos

Sep 28, 20262 min readGraded Spanish · word-by-word audio

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Rusia continúa atacando la capital de Ucrania, Kiev, con drones de propulsión a chorro. Al mediodía de hoy, estos drones impactaron contra la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, un edificio histórico lleno de gente, y contra el hospital Dobrobut, en el centro de la ciudad. Los servicios de rescate informan de siete muertos y ochenta heridos. Además, los bombardeos de toda la noche, que incluyeron un mercado de alimentos, provocaron incendios en muchas zonas y el aire se volvió casi irrespirable. Estos dos bombardeos son muy simbólicos. La Academia Nacional de Ciencias, fundada en 1918 y vecina de la Universidad Tarás Shevchenko, es un edificio histórico donde trabajan los mejores científicos del país. En esta institución estudian miles de alumnos en ramas como la botánica, la química o la física.

El arma utilizada es el dron a reacción Shahed 5 (o Geranio 5, según su nombre ruso). Es un dron de diseño similar al primer Shahed de Irán, pero con un motor a chorro que reemplaza al viejo motor de hélice, mucho más lento y fácil de derribar. Ahora, en una nueva estrategia para imponer pánico, Rusia ya no envía grandes enjambres de drones para saturar las defensas aéreas, sino pequeños grupos de dos o tres aparatos, pero durante todo el día. Por eso, las alarmas se extienden durante más de diez horas en las que las explosiones no cesan.

Además, la capital sufre a diario ataques de misiles balísticos rusos, un arma mucho más destructiva que los drones por su enorme tamaño. Debido a la escasez de misiles antiaéreos Patriot, uno de los pocos sistemas capaces de derribar este armamento, Rusia ataca la capital con impunidad. Hoy, la estrategia de bombardear la retaguardia ucraniana se considera una de las grandes apuestas del Kremlin para someter a Ucrania tras casi cinco años de guerra. El Instituto para el Estudio de la Guerra cree que Putin intenta forzar a Ucrania a capitular antes de la primavera de 2027.

Mientras Rusia lanzaba sus drones, en Polonia la aviación despegó para patrullar toda su frontera con Ucrania y evitar que estos aparatos violaran su espacio aéreo. Incluso se escucharon alarmas antiaéreas en la ciudad de Lublin. En Rumanía, un dron ruso volvió a entrar en su cielo, lo que obligó a despegar a los cazas españoles que guardan esa frontera de la OTAN. El analista ucraniano Viktor Kovalenko cree que Rusia bombardea específicamente Kiev porque allí están todas las televisiones y la prensa occidentales. Así, Moscú se asegura de que el mundo vea a diario grandes incendios, personas muertas en las calles e imágenes de destrucción.

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Watch out, English speaker

Spanish passive voice with 'ser + participio' often trips English speakers because the participle must agree in gender and number with the subject, unlike English where the past participle is invariable. For example, 'La estrategia es considerada' (feminine singular) vs. 'Los ataques son considerados' (masculine plural). Also, Spanish frequently prefers the reflexive passive 'se considera' over 'ser + participio', which can sound stilted in everyday speech. English speakers may instinctively use the subjunctive after 'mientras' when referring to future or hypothetical situations, but Spanish normally uses the indicative for simultaneous actions in the past or present. For instance, 'Mientras Rusia lanzaba sus drones' uses the imperfect indicative, not the subjunctive. Remember: 'mientras' + indicative for 'while' something happens; subjunctive only for 'as long as' conditions. False friends and vocabulary traps: 'científico' can mean both 'scientist' and 'scientific' depending on context, so 'los mejores científicos' means 'the best scientists', not 'the best scientific'. 'Impunidad' looks like 'impunity' but in Spanish it often implies 'without punishment' or 'with impunity', as in 'ataca con impunidad' = 'attacks with impunity'. Also, 'herido' as a noun means 'injured person', not just 'wounded' as an adjective.

Key vocabulary

  • dronm.

    drone

    “Rusia continúa atacando con drones de propulsión a chorro.”— Russia continues attacking with jet-propelled drones.

    Pattern dron a reacción jet-powered drone

    Compare aeronave no tripulada unmanned aircraft

    plural drones

    💡 Borrowed directly from English 'drone'; note that the plural adds s.

  • bombardeom.

    bombing, bombardment

    “Los bombardeos de toda la noche provocaron incendios.”— The all-night bombings caused fires.

    Pattern bombardeo aéreo air raid

    Compare ataque attack

    plural bombardeos

    💡 From the verb bombardear; the suffix -eo indicates the result of an action.

  • heridoadj./m.

    injured (person); wounded

    “Los servicios de rescate informan de siete muertos y ochenta heridos.”— Rescue services report seven dead and eighty injured.

    Pattern resultar herido to be wounded

    Compare lesionado injured

    feminine herida, plural heridos

    💡 From the verb herir (to wound); note the difference from herida (wound).

  • incendiom.

    fire, blaze

    “Los bombardeos provocaron incendios en muchas zonas.”— The bombings caused fires in many areas.

    Pattern provocar un incendio to cause a fire

    Compare fuego fire

    plural incendios

    💡 From Latin incendium, cognate with English incendiary.

  • científicom./adj.

    scientist; scientific

    “En la Academia trabajan los mejores científicos del país.”— The country's best scientists work at the Academy.

    Pattern científico destacado outstanding scientist

    Compare investigador researcher

    feminine científica, plural científicos

    💡 From ciencia (science); the suffix -ífico means 'person who does'.

  • misilm.

    missile

    “La capital sufre ataques de misiles balísticos rusos.”— The capital suffers attacks from Russian ballistic missiles.

    Pattern misil balístico ballistic missile

    Compare proyectil projectile

    plural misiles

    💡 From Latin missilis, cognate with English missile.

  • retaguardiaf.

    rear, home front

    “La estrategia de bombardear la retaguardia ucraniana se considera una apuesta del Kremlin.”— The strategy of bombing the Ukrainian rear is considered a Kremlin gamble.

    Pattern bombardear la retaguardia to bomb the rear

    Compare zona trasera rear area

    plural retaguardias

    💡 Composed of reta- (behind) and guardia (guard); a military term.

  • capitularv.

    to surrender, capitulate

    “Putin intenta forzar a Ucrania a capitular antes de la primavera de 2027.”— Putin tries to force Ukraine to surrender before spring 2027.

    Pattern forzar a capitular to force to surrender

    Compare rendirse to surrender

    yo capitulo, tú capitulas, él capitula

    💡 From capítulo (chapter); originally meant to sign terms of surrender.

  • someterv.

    to subdue, subjugate

    “La estrategia busca someter a Ucrania tras casi cinco años de guerra.”— The strategy seeks to subdue Ukraine after nearly five years of war.

    Pattern someter a un pueblo to subjugate a people

    Compare dominar to dominate

    yo someto, tú sometes, él somete

    💡 From Latin submittĕre, sub- (under) + mittere (to put).

  • impunidadf.

    impunity, without punishment

    “Rusia ataca la capital con impunidad.”— Russia attacks the capital with impunity.

    Pattern con impunidad with impunity

    Compare sin castigo without punishment

    no plural commonly used

    💡 From Latin impunitas, im- (not) + poena (punishment).

Grammar spotlight

Passive voice and passive sentences (ser + participio)

B1

The Spanish passive voice is formed with ser plus the past participle. The past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject. It is often used with an agent introduced by por. In the text, 'se considera' is a pasiva refleja, which is more common.

“La estrategia de bombardear la retaguardia ucraniana se considera una de las grandes apuestas del Kremlin.”— The strategy of bombing the Ukrainian rear is considered one of the Kremlin's major gambles.

⚠️ Don't forget that the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject, e.g. 'las ciudades fueron atacadas'.

Time clauses with mientras

A2

Mientras means 'while' and can connect two simultaneous actions. The verb in the clause can be in the indicative.

“Mientras Rusia lanzaba sus drones, en Polonia la aviación despegó para patrullar su frontera.”— While Russia was launching its drones, in Poland the air force took off to patrol its border.

⚠️ Don't use the subjunctive after mientras unless it means 'as long as'.

Sentence patterns to steal

  • Rusia ya no envía grandes enjambres de drones para saturar las defensas aéreas, sino pequeños grupos de dos o tres aparatos, pero durante todo el día.

    Russia no longer sends large swarms of drones to saturate air defenses, but rather small groups of two or three aircraft, but throughout the day.

    ya no + verb + ..., sino + ...Replace the verb and nouns to express 'no longer... but rather...'
  • Debido a la escasez de misiles antiaéreos Patriot, Rusia ataca la capital con impunidad.

    Due to the shortage of Patriot anti-aircraft missiles, Russia attacks the capital with impunity.

    Debido a + noun, + sentenceReplace the noun of cause to express 'due to...'
  • El Instituto para el Estudio de la Guerra cree que Putin intenta forzar a Ucrania a capitular antes de la primavera de 2027.

    The Institute for the Study of War believes that Putin is trying to force Ukraine to capitulate before the spring of 2027.

    creer que + subject + intenta + infinitiveReplace the subject of the opinion and the action to express 'believes that someone is trying to do something'
  • Así, Moscú se asegura de que el mundo vea a diario grandes incendios, personas muertas en las calles e imágenes de destrucción.

    Thus, Moscow ensures that the world sees daily large fires, dead people in the streets, and images of destruction.

    asegurarse de que + subjunctiveReplace the content of the clause to express 'ensure that...'

National Academy of Sciences: A Symbol of Ukrainian Science

The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was founded in 1918 and is the country's highest academic institution, located in Kyiv, next to Taras Shevchenko University. It has numerous research institutes covering fields such as physics, chemistry, and biology, and is crucial to Ukraine's scientific and cultural identity.

Source: Wikipedia

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