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SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 2026 · ISSUE No. 217

B1 · IntermediateAdapted from ElDiario.es

NASA's Roman Telescope: A Free Window to the Universe

El telescopio Roman: una ventana abierta al universo para todos

Sep 3, 20262 min readGraded Spanish · word-by-word audio

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Casi 3.000 astrofísicos de todo el mundo presenciaron el lanzamiento del telescopio espacial Nancy Grace Roman, que despegó puntualmente a las 7:26 de la mañana, hora local en Florida, el pasado domingo 30 de agosto. El objetivo era lanzarlo dentro de una ventana de solo 30 segundos para alcanzar su órbita final en el segundo punto de Lagrange, a 1,5 millones de kilómetros de la Tierra, donde se equilibran las atracciones gravitacionales del Sol y la Tierra.

Cuatro días antes del lanzamiento, una reunión científica repasó la historia de la misión y sus objetivos para los próximos cinco años. En la audiencia había más de un centenar de científicos e ingenieros de todo el mundo, incluyendo a veteranos como Saul Perlmutter, premio Nobel en 2011 por el descubrimiento de la energía oscura. También se recordó a Neil Gehrels, otro impulsor clave de la misión, fallecido en 2017.

El día del lanzamiento, más de 2.800 invitados de la NASA presenciaron el evento desde el arroyo Banana, vitoreando el éxito del despegue y la recuperación de los cohetes. La comunidad científica espera con ansias el aluvión de datos que Roman comenzará a enviar en unos tres meses. Solo en el centro de la Vía Láctea, detectará 20.000 millones de estrellas con una nitidez asombrosa. También buscará exoplanetas similares a la Tierra y probará tecnología para futuras misiones.

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Watch out, English speaker

Spanish pretérito indefinido (simple past) is used for completed actions at a specific past time, like 'presenciaron' (they witnessed) or 'despegó' (it launched). English often uses the simple past too, but Spanish requires this tense even when English might use the present perfect or past continuous. Don't confuse it with the imperfect, which describes ongoing or habitual past actions. Spanish pretérito perfecto (present perfect) is used for past actions with present relevance, often with 'ya' or 'todavía', like 'ha llegado' (it has arrived). English also has present perfect, but Spanish uses it more strictly for today or recent past, while English may switch to simple past. Avoid using simple past in Spanish when the action still affects now. Spanish uses 'para' + infinitive to express purpose, as in 'ha llegado para reinar' (it has arrived to reign). English often uses 'to' + verb, but Spanish never uses the infinitive alone for purpose. Also, 'para' can mean 'for' or 'in order to', so context matters.

Key vocabulary

  • astrofísicom./f.

    astrophysicist

    “Muchos astrofísicos asistieron al lanzamiento del telescopio.”— Many astrophysicists attended the telescope launch.

    Pattern astrofísico profesional professional astrophysicist

    Compare astrónomo (astronomer)

    Plural: astrofísicos

    💡 Composed of astro (star) + físico (physicist), referring to a scientist who studies astrophysics.

  • presenciarv.

    to witness, to watch

    “Los invitados presenciaron el lanzamiento desde la playa.”— The guests witnessed the launch from the beach.

    Pattern presenciar un evento witness an event

    Compare ver (to see)

    Present: presencio, presencias, presencia

    💡 Evolved from pre (before) + senciar (to feel), emphasizing seeing with one's own eyes.

  • lanzamientom.

    launch

    “El lanzamiento fue un éxito total.”— The launch was a total success.

    Pattern lanzamiento espacial space launch

    Compare despegue (takeoff, launch)

    Plural: lanzamientos

    💡 From the verb lanzar (to throw), nominalized to indicate the act of launching.

  • despegarv.

    to take off, to lift off

    “El cohete despegó a las 7:26 de la mañana.”— The rocket lifted off at 7:26 in the morning.

    Pattern despegar de la Tierra to lift off from Earth

    Compare elevarse (to rise)

    Past: despegó, despegaron

    💡 Composed of des- (separation) + pegar (to stick), meaning to leave the ground.

  • órbitaf.

    orbit

    “El telescopio alcanzó su órbita final.”— The telescope reached its final orbit.

    Pattern órbita final final orbit

    Compare trayectoria (trajectory)

    Plural: órbitas

    💡 From Latin orbita, referring to the path of a celestial body.

  • equilibrarv.

    to balance

    “En el punto de Lagrange se equilibran las atracciones.”— At the Lagrange point, the attractions balance out.

    Pattern equilibrar las fuerzas balance forces

    Compare balancear (to balance)

    Present: equilibra, equilibran

    💡 From equilibrio (balance), verbalized to mean to make balanced.

  • gratuitoadj.

    free of charge

    “Los datos serán gratuitos para todos.”— The data will be free for everyone.

    Pattern de forma gratuita for free

    Compare libre (free)

    Feminine: gratuita; plural: gratuitos

    💡 From Latin gratuitus, related to gracia (grace), meaning free of charge.

  • recopilarv.

    to collect, to gather

    “El telescopio recopilará datos sobre el universo.”— The telescope will collect data about the universe.

    Pattern recopilar datos collect data

    Compare reunir (to gather)

    Present: recopila, recopilan

    💡 Composed of re- (again) + copilar (to collect), emphasizing systematic collection.

  • aluviónm.

    flood, deluge

    “La misión producirá un aluvión de información.”— The mission will produce a flood of information.

    Pattern un aluvión de datos a flood of data

    Compare torrente (torrent)

    Plural: aluviones

    💡 Originally referring to a flood, extended to mean a large influx of things.

  • nitidezf.

    sharpness, clarity

    “Las imágenes tienen una nitidez asombrosa.”— The images have amazing sharpness.

    Pattern con nitidez clearly

    Compare claridad (clarity)

    Plural: nitideces

    💡 From the adjective nítido (clear), the suffix -ez indicates a quality.

  • exoplanetam.

    exoplanet

    “Roman buscará exoplanetas en la zona habitable.”— Roman will search for exoplanets in the habitable zone.

    Pattern exoplaneta similar a la Tierra Earth-like exoplanet

    Compare planeta extrasolar (extrasolar planet)

    Plural: exoplanetas

    💡 Composed of exo- (outside) + planeta, referring to a planet outside the solar system.

  • probarv.

    to test, to prove

    “La misión probará nuevas tecnologías.”— The mission will test new technologies.

    Pattern probar tecnología test technology

    Compare testar (to test)

    Present: prueba, prueban

    💡 Note the vowel change from e to ue, as in pruebo.

Grammar spotlight

Pretérito indefinido (simple past)

A2

Used to describe actions that happened and ended at a specific point in the past. In this article, it is used for events such as launches and meetings. Examples: presenciaron (they witnessed), despegó (it lifted off), repasó (it reviewed).

“Casi 3.000 astrofísicos presenciaron el lanzamiento.”— Casi 3.000 astrofísicos presenciaron el lanzamiento.

⚠️ Watch out for irregular forms, e.g., the past tense of despegar is despegó (not despegió).

Pretérito perfecto (present perfect: haber + past participle)

A2

Used to describe past actions that have a present relevance, often with words like ya or todavía. In this article, ha llegado (has arrived) shows the present impact of a successful launch.

“Roman ha llegado para reinar en el espacio.”— Roman ha llegado para reinar en el espacio.

⚠️ Don't confuse it with the simple past; the present perfect emphasizes a connection to the present.

Sentence patterns to steal

  • Después de más de 20 años de espera y de superar varias crisis presupuestarias, Roman ha llegado para reinar en el espacio.

    After more than 20 years of waiting and overcoming several budget crises, Roman has arrived to reign in space.

    Después de + noun/gerund + y de + noun/gerund, + subject + ha llegado para + infinitiveCan be replaced with other events, e.g., Después de años de estudio y de trabajar duro, ha llegado para triunfar.
  • A diferencia de los telescopios Hubble o James Webb, donde los científicos tienen derechos exclusivos, Roman no tiene tiempo exclusivo para nadie.

    Unlike the Hubble or James Webb telescopes, where scientists have exclusive rights, Roman has no exclusive time for anyone.

    A diferencia de + noun, + subject + verbCan be replaced with other contrasting objects, e.g., A diferencia de mi hermano, yo soy vegetariano.
  • Todos los datos científicos que recopile estarán disponibles inmediatamente y de forma gratuita para el público general.

    All the scientific data it collects will be immediately and freely available to the general public.

    Todos los + noun + que + subjunctive verb + estarán + adjective/adverbCan be replaced with other content, e.g., Todos los libros que leas estarán disponibles en la biblioteca.
  • La comunidad científica espera con ansias el aluvión de datos que Roman comenzará a enviar en unos tres meses.

    The scientific community eagerly awaits the flood of data that Roman will begin sending in about three months.

    esperar con ansias + noun/que + clauseCan be replaced with other things awaited, e.g., Los fans esperan con ansias el nuevo álbum.
  • Solo en el centro de la Vía Láctea, detectará 20.000 millones de estrellas con una nitidez asombrosa.

    In the center of the Milky Way alone, it will detect 20 billion stars with astonishing clarity.

    Solo en + place, + subject + future tense + number + con + nounCan be replaced with other places and numbers, e.g., Solo en Madrid, hay más de 3 millones de habitantes.

Lagrange Points and Space Telescopes

The second Lagrange point (L2) is a stable point where the gravitational forces of the Sun and Earth balance, located about 1.5 million kilometers from Earth. Many space telescopes, such as James Webb and Roman, operate there because it maintains a stable temperature and avoids Earth's shadow, making it ideal for observing the deep universe.

Source: NASA official website

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