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MONDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 2026 · ISSUE No. 218

B2 · Upper IntermediateAdapted from ElDiario.es

Do All Drinks Hydrate Equally? The Index That Reveals the Truth

¿Hidratan igual todas las bebidas? El índice que lo revela

Sep 3, 20262 min readGraded Spanish · word-by-word audio

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La hidratación es un pilar de la salud, pero la mayoría de las personas llegan al final del día levemente deshidratadas sin saberlo. La sed es un indicador tardío y no siempre fiable del estado de hidratación. Además, no todos los líquidos que bebemos se quedan en nuestro cuerpo: una parte se elimina rápidamente por la orina. La clave no es solo cuánto se bebe, sino qué proporción de líquido permanece en el organismo. El Beverage Hydration Index (BHI), o índice de hidratación de las bebidas, mide la eficacia de los líquidos para hidratar el organismo.

Los resultados contradicen varias creencias populares. La leche desnatada (BHI 1,58) y la leche entera (BHI 1,50) hidratan mejor que el agua gracias a sus electrolitos y proteínas, que ralentizan el vaciado del estómago. El café, la cerveza lager y las bebidas isotónicas hidratan igual que el agua. El efecto diurético de la cafeína es real, pero no es suficiente para reducir la contribución del café, que es casi en su totalidad agua.

Un estudio de seguimiento de 2021 reveló que los electrolitos, especialmente el sodio, son el factor que más contribuye a la retención de agua. Las bebidas que contienen electrolitos crean una "señal osmótica" que hace que los riñones retengan más agua. El agua pura es hipotónica: el organismo la absorbe, pero los riñones la eliminan rápidamente si los niveles de electrolitos ya son adecuados.

El BHI no sugiere que el agua sea una mala opción; sigue siendo la bebida más práctica y accesible. Pero en situaciones de calor intenso o ejercicio prolongado, la leche es una opción eficaz para recuperar líquidos rápidamente. La cerveza, en cambio, no es buena idea para hidratarse: el alcohol suprime la hormona antidiurética y produce una mayor eliminación de agua a través de la orina.

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Watch out, English speaker

Spanish 'no solo... sino...' often trips up English speakers because English uses 'not only... but also...' and we might instinctively insert 'but' (pero) instead of 'sino'. Remember: 'sino' means 'but rather' and is used only after a negative clause to introduce the correct alternative. For example, 'No es solo cuestión de cantidad, sino de calidad' translates as 'It's not just a matter of quantity, but rather of quality.' Using 'pero' here would change the meaning to a simple contrast, not a correction. Spanish passive voice with 'ser + past participle' is more common in formal writing than in English, where we often prefer active voice or 'get' passives. English speakers might forget that the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject, e.g., 'Las bebidas fueron desarrolladas' (The drinks were developed). Also, Spanish passive is used less in everyday speech, so learners may overuse it; in conversation, 'se' passive is more natural. 'hacer que' + subjunctive is tricky because English uses 'make/ cause' + infinitive, without a special mood. In Spanish, the subjunctive is mandatory after 'hacer que' when expressing that one action causes another, e.g., 'La sal hace que los riñones retengan agua' (Salt makes the kidneys retain water). English speakers often mistakenly use the indicative, saying 'hace que los riñones retienen', which is incorrect.

Key vocabulary

  • hidrataciónf.

    hydration

    “La hidratación es esencial para los deportistas.”— Hydration is essential for athletes.

    Pattern la hidratación de la piel skin hydration

    Compare rehidratación (f.) rehydration

    Plural: hidrataciones

    💡 From Greek hydor (water); related words include hidráulico (hydraulic).

  • deshidratadoadj.

    dehydrated

    “Después de correr bajo el sol, me sentía deshidratado.”— After running in the sun, I felt dehydrated.

    Pattern estar deshidratado to be dehydrated

    Compare seco (adj.) dry

    Feminine: deshidratada; plural: deshidratados

    💡 Prefix des- indicates negation; hidratado means "hydrated".

  • orinaf.

    urine

    “El médico analizó una muestra de orina.”— The doctor analyzed a urine sample.

    Pattern producción de orina urine output

    Compare pis (m.) pee (colloquial)

    Plural: orinas

    💡 The verb form is orinar (to urinate). In medicine, diuresis is often used to refer to urine output.

  • electrolitom.

    electrolyte

    “Las bebidas isotónicas contienen electrolitos como el sodio y el potasio.”— Sports drinks contain electrolytes like sodium and potassium.

    Pattern bebidas con electrolitos electrolyte drinks

    Compare ión (m.) ion

    Plural: electrolitos

    💡 electro- (electric) + lito (dissolvable), referring to a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water.

  • sodiom.

    sodium

    “El sodio ayuda a retener agua en el cuerpo.”— Sodium helps retain water in the body.

    Pattern cloruro de sodio sodium chloride (table salt)

    Compare sal (f.) salt

    Uncountable noun

    💡 Element symbol Na, from Latin sodanum (soda).

  • diuréticoadj./m.

    diuretic

    “El café tiene un efecto diurético leve.”— Coffee has a mild diuretic effect.

    Pattern efecto diurético diuretic effect

    Feminine: diurética; plural: diuréticos

    💡 From Greek diouretikos, dia- (through) + ouron (urine).

  • ralentizarv.

    to slow down

    “La fibra ralentiza la digestión.”— Fiber slows down digestion.

    Pattern ralentizar el proceso to slow down the process

    Compare frenar (v.) to brake, to slow down

    Conjugation: ralentizo, ralentizas, ralentiza... (c→z)

    💡 From lento (slow), prefix re- intensifies the meaning.

  • retenciónf.

    retention

    “La retención de agua en el cuerpo depende de los riñones.”— Water retention in the body depends on the kidneys.

    Pattern retención de líquidos fluid retention

    Compare conservación (f.) preservation

    Plural: retenciones

    💡 Verb retener (to retain), re- (back) + tener (to hold).

  • suprimirv.

    to suppress

    “El alcohol suprime la hormona antidiurética.”— Alcohol suppresses the antidiuretic hormone.

    Pattern suprimir una función to suppress a function

    Compare eliminar (v.) to eliminate

    Conjugation: suprimo, suprimes, suprime...

    💡 From Latin supprimere, sub- (under) + premere (to press).

  • hipotónicoadj.

    hypotonic

    “El agua pura es una bebida hipotónica.”— Pure water is a hypotonic drink.

    Pattern solución hipotónica hypotonic solution

    Feminine: hipotónica; plural: hipotónicos

    💡 hipo- (low) + tónico (tonicity); antonym hipertónico (hypertonic).

  • hormonaf.

    hormone

    “Las hormonas regulan muchas funciones del cuerpo.”— Hormones regulate many body functions.

    Pattern hormona antidiurética antidiuretic hormone

    Plural: hormonas

    💡 From Greek hormon (to urge); hormones are substances that drive bodily functions.

  • desnatadaadj.

    skimmed (milk)

    “La leche desnatada tiene menos grasa pero más calcio por volumen.”— Skimmed milk has less fat but more calcium per volume.

    Pattern leche desnatada skim milk

    Compare descremada (adj.) skimmed

    Masculine: desnatado; plural: desnatadas

    💡 des- (remove) + nata (cream), meaning with the cream removed.

  • accesibleadj.

    accessible

    “El agua es la bebida más accesible del mundo.”— Water is the most accessible drink in the world.

    Pattern precio accesible affordable price

    Compare disponible (adj.) available

    Plural: accesibles

    💡 From Latin accedere (to approach), -ible means "able to be...".

  • vaciadom.

    emptying

    “Las proteínas ralentizan el vaciado del estómago.”— Proteins slow down stomach emptying.

    Pattern vaciado del estómago gastric emptying

    Compare evacuación (f.) emptying

    Plural: vaciados

    💡 Verb vaciar (to empty), adjective vacío (empty).

Grammar spotlight

no solo... sino... (not only... but also...)

B1

This structure contrasts two pieces of information and emphasizes the second. 'No solo' introduces the first, negated part, while 'sino' introduces the part that is truly emphasized. Note the difference between 'sino' and 'pero': 'pero' simply means 'but', whereas 'sino' means 'but rather' and is used to replace a negated element.

“La clave no es solo cuánto se bebe, sino qué proporción de líquido permanece en el organismo.”— The key is not only how much you drink, but what proportion of the liquid remains in the body.

⚠️ Do not write 'sino' as 'pero'; 'no solo... sino...' is a fixed pairing.

Passive voice (ser + past participle)

B1

The Spanish passive voice is formed with 'ser + past participle'. The past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject. It is often used to emphasize the receiver of the action rather than the doer, and is very common in scientific and academic texts.

“Fue desarrollado por el fisiólogo deportivo Ronald Maughan en 2016.”— It was developed by sports physiologist Ronald Maughan in 2016.

⚠️ The past participle must agree with the subject: desarrollado/desarrollada/desarrollados/desarrolladas.

hacer que + subjunctive (to make/ cause)

B1

'Hacer que' means 'to make' or 'to cause' and must be followed by the subjunctive, because it expresses a result within a causal relationship and carries a subjective nuance.

“Las bebidas que contienen electrolitos crean una "señal osmótica" que hace que los riñones retengan más agua.”— Drinks that contain electrolytes create an 'osmotic signal' that makes the kidneys retain more water.

⚠️ 'Hacer que' must be followed by the subjunctive, not the indicative; here 'retengan' is the present subjunctive third-person plural of 'retener'.

Sentence patterns to steal

  • La clave no es solo cuánto se bebe, sino qué proporción de líquido permanece en el organismo.

    The key is not only how much you drink, but what proportion of the liquid remains in the body.

    La clave no es solo + noun/clause, sino + noun/clauseCan be replaced with: La clave no es solo estudiar mucho, sino estudiar bien. (The key is not only to study a lot, but to study well.)
  • Los resultados contradicen varias creencias populares.

    The results contradict several popular beliefs.

    Los resultados contradicen + noun phraseCan be replaced with: Los datos contradicen la teoría tradicional. (The data contradict the traditional theory.)
  • El efecto diurético de la cafeína es real, pero no es suficiente para reducir la contribución del café.

    The diuretic effect of caffeine is real, but it is not enough to reduce coffee's contribution.

    El efecto de + noun + es real, pero no es suficiente para + infinitiveCan be replaced with: El efecto del medicamento es real, pero no es suficiente para curar la enfermedad. (The effect of the medication is real, but it is not enough to cure the disease.)
  • El BHI no sugiere que el agua sea una mala opción; sigue siendo la bebida más práctica y accesible.

    The BHI does not suggest that water is a bad option; it is still the most practical and accessible drink.

    No sugiere que + subjunctive; sigue siendo + noun/adjectiveCan be replaced with: El estudio no sugiere que el método sea inútil; sigue siendo el más usado. (The study does not suggest that the method is useless; it is still the most used.)
  • La cerveza, en cambio, no es buena idea para hidratarse: el alcohol suprime la hormona antidiurética y produce una mayor eliminación de agua.

    Beer, on the other hand, is not a good idea for hydration: alcohol suppresses the antidiuretic hormone and causes greater water loss.

    X, en cambio, no es buena idea para + infinitive: ...Can be replaced with: El azúcar, en cambio, no es buena idea para perder peso. (Sugar, on the other hand, is not a good idea for losing weight.)

Hydration Habits in Spain

Spain is one of Europe's largest beer-consuming countries, but in Mediterranean food culture, a glass of water after a meal is still the norm. Summer temperatures in Spain often exceed 40°C, and the public health system reminds people to stay hydrated. Interestingly, in Spanish supermarkets, 'leche semidesnatada' (semi-skimmed milk) is the most popular type of milk, while 'leche desnatada' (skimmed milk) is also widely chosen by fitness enthusiasts for its low-fat profile.

Source: Spanish Ministry of Agriculture Food Consumption Data Report

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