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SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 2026 · ISSUE No. 217

B2 · Upper IntermediateAdapted from ElDiario.es

Does Every Drink Hydrate Equally? The Index That Reveals It

¿Hidratan igual todas las bebidas? El índice que lo revela

Sep 3, 20262 min readGraded Spanish · word-by-word audio

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La hidratación es esencial para la salud, pero la sed no siempre es un indicador fiable de que necesitamos beber. Muchas personas terminan el día ligeramente deshidratadas sin saberlo, porque no todos los líquidos que ingieren permanecen en el cuerpo. De hecho, una parte del agua que bebemos se elimina rápidamente por la orina, según lo que los riñones consideran excedente. El índice de hidratación de las bebidas (BHI, por sus siglas en inglés) mide la eficacia de un líquido para hidratar el organismo. Fue desarrollado por Ronald Maughan en 2016.

Los resultados sorprenden: algunas bebidas hidratan más que el agua. La leche desnatada tiene un BHI de 1,58, la más alta de la lista, seguida de la leche entera (1,50) y la solución de rehidratación oral (1,54). Esto se debe a que los electrolitos, las proteínas y la lactosa de la leche ralentizan el vaciado del estómago y favorecen la retención de agua. En cambio, la cerveza tiene un BHI inferior al agua, porque el alcohol suprime la hormona antidiurética y aumenta la eliminación de líquidos.

Otros líquidos, como el café, el té, los refrescos de cola y las bebidas isotónicas, hidratan igual que el agua. Aunque la cafeína tiene un efecto diurético, en dosis normales no es suficiente para deshidratar. El estudio de 2021 confirmó que los electrolitos, especialmente el sodio, son el factor que más contribuye a la retención de agua, seguidos de los carbohidratos y las proteínas.

Para la hidratación diaria, el agua sigue siendo la mejor opción por su accesibilidad y bajo aporte calórico. Sin embargo, en situaciones de calor intenso o ejercicio prolongado, se puede añadir una pizca de sal al agua o consumir leche para retener mejor los líquidos. La cerveza, en cambio, no es recomendable para hidratarse, ya que produce un efecto contrario.

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Watch out, English speaker

Spanish uses 'no solo... sino...' to correct or replace a first idea, while English often uses 'not only... but also...' just to add information. If you translate 'sino' as 'but', you lose the correction: 'No es agua, sino leche' means 'It's not water, but rather milk.' Remember: 'pero' is a simple contrast, but 'sino' rejects the first option and substitutes another. Spanish passive voice with 'ser + past participle' is common in academic writing, but English often prefers active voice or 'by' phrases. For example, 'Fue desarrollado por Maughan' translates naturally as 'It was developed by Maughan,' but English speakers may wrongly use 'estar' instead of 'ser' for passive. Also, the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject: 'Las bebidas fueron desarrolladas' (not 'desarrollado'). 'hacer que' triggers the subjunctive because it expresses causation with subjective effect, but English uses 'make/ cause + infinitive' without any special verb form. So 'hace que los riñones retengan' literally means 'makes the kidneys retain,' but you must not use the indicative 'retienen.' English speakers often forget the subjunctive after 'hacer que' and produce 'hace que los riñones retienen,' which is incorrect.

Key vocabulary

  • hidrataciónf.

    hydration

    “La hidratación es esencial para la salud.”— Hydration is essential for athletes.

    Pattern la hidratación de la piel skin hydration

    Compare rehidratación (rehydration)

    Plural: hidrataciones

    💡 From Greek hydor (water); related word: hidratar (to hydrate).

  • indicadorm.

    dehydrated

    “La sed es un indicador tardío de deshidratación.”— After running in the sun, I felt dehydrated.

    Pattern un indicador fiable reliable indicator

    Compare señal (signal)

    Plural: indicadores

    💡 Formed from indicar (to indicate) plus the suffix -dor, indicating a tool or person.

  • orinaf.

    urine

    “La cerveza aumenta la producción de orina.”— The doctor analyzed a urine sample.

    Pattern producción de orina urine output

    Plural: orinas

    💡 Noun form of the verb orinar (to urinate).

  • riñónm.

    electrolyte

    “Los riñones eliminan el exceso de agua.”— Sports drinks contain electrolytes like sodium and potassium.

    Pattern los riñones filtran la sangre the kidneys filter blood

    Plural: riñones

    💡 Note the pronunciation of ñ, similar to the 'ni' in Mandarin pinyin.

  • electrolitom.

    sodium

    “Las bebidas isotónicas contienen electrolitos.”— Sodium helps retain water in the body.

    Pattern los electrolitos del cuerpo the body's electrolytes

    Compare mineral (mineral, colloquial)

    Plural: electrolitos

    💡 Composed of electro- (electric) and -lito (soluble substance).

  • proteínaf.

    diuretic

    “La leche es rica en proteínas.”— Coffee has a mild diuretic effect.

    Pattern las proteínas de la leche proteins in milk

    Plural: proteínas

    💡 Note the accent mark on i; avoid mispronouncing it.

  • lactosaf.

    to slow down

    “La lactosa es un tipo de azúcar.”— Fiber slows down digestion.

    Pattern intolerancia a la lactosa lactose intolerance

    Compare azúcar de la leche (milk sugar)

    Plural: lactosas

    💡 From Latin lac (milk); related word: lácteo (dairy).

  • diuréticoadj.

    retention

    “La cafeína tiene un efecto diurético.”— Water retention in the body depends on the kidneys.

    Pattern efecto diurético diuretic effect

    Feminine: diurética; plural: diuréticos

    💡 From Greek diouretikos, related to urine.

  • retenciónf.

    to suppress

    “La sal favorece la retención de agua.”— Alcohol suppresses the antidiuretic hormone.

    Pattern retención de líquidos fluid retention

    Compare conservación (preservation)

    Plural: retenciones

    💡 Noun form of the verb retener (to retain).

  • vaciadom.

    hypotonic

    “Las proteínas ralentizan el vaciado del estómago.”— Pure water is a hypotonic drink.

    Pattern el vaciado del estómago stomach emptying

    Compare evacuación (emptying)

    Plural: vaciados

    💡 Noun form of the verb vaciar (to empty).

  • suprimirv.

    hormone

    “El alcohol suprime la hormona antidiurética.”— Hormones regulate many body functions.

    Pattern suprimir una hormona suppress a hormone

    Compare eliminar (eliminate)

    Present: suprimo, suprimes, suprime...

    💡 Composed of sub- (under) and premere (to press); originally meaning 'to press down'.

  • hormonaf.

    skimmed (milk)

    “La hormona antidiurética controla la orina.”— Skimmed milk has less fat but more calcium per volume.

    Pattern hormona del crecimiento growth hormone

    Plural: hormonas

    💡 From Greek hormon (to impel).

Grammar spotlight

no solo... sino... (not only... but also...)

B1

This structure contrasts two pieces of information and emphasizes the second. 'No solo' introduces the first, negated part, while 'sino' introduces the part that is truly emphasized. Note the difference between 'sino' and 'pero': 'pero' simply means 'but', whereas 'sino' means 'but rather' and is used after a negation to present an alternative.

“La clave no es solo cuánto se bebe, sino qué proporción de líquido permanece en el organismo.”— The key is not only how much you drink, but what proportion of the liquid remains in the body.

⚠️ Do not write 'sino' as 'pero'; 'no solo... sino...' is a fixed pairing.

Passive voice (ser + past participle)

B1

The Spanish passive voice is formed with 'ser + past participle'. The past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject. It is often used to emphasize the receiver of the action rather than the doer, and is very common in scientific and academic texts.

“Fue desarrollado por el fisiólogo deportivo Ronald Maughan en 2016.”— It was developed by sports physiologist Ronald Maughan in 2016.

⚠️ The past participle must agree with the subject in gender and number: desarrollado/desarrollada/desarrollados/desarrolladas.

hacer que + subjunctive (to make/ cause)

B1

'Hacer que' means 'to make' or 'to cause' and must be followed by the subjunctive, because it expresses a result within a causal relationship and carries a subjective nuance.

“Las bebidas que contienen electrolitos crean una "señal osmótica" que hace que los riñones retengan más agua.”— Drinks that contain electrolytes create an 'osmotic signal' that makes the kidneys retain more water.

⚠️ 'Hacer que' must be followed by the subjunctive, not the indicative; here 'retengan' is the present subjunctive, third-person plural of 'retener'.

Sentence patterns to steal

  • La clave no es solo cuánto se bebe, sino qué proporción de líquido permanece en el organismo.

    The key is not only how much you drink, but what proportion of the liquid remains in the body.

    La clave no es solo + noun/clause, sino + noun/clauseCan be replaced with: La clave no es solo estudiar mucho, sino estudiar bien. (The key is not only to study a lot, but to study well.)
  • Los resultados contradicen varias creencias populares.

    The results contradict several popular beliefs.

    Los resultados contradicen + noun phraseCan be replaced with: Los datos contradicen la teoría tradicional. (The data contradict the traditional theory.)
  • El efecto diurético de la cafeína es real, pero no es suficiente para reducir la contribución del café.

    The diuretic effect of caffeine is real, but it is not enough to reduce coffee's contribution.

    El efecto de + noun + es real, pero no es suficiente para + infinitiveCan be replaced with: El efecto del medicamento es real, pero no es suficiente para curar la enfermedad. (The effect of the medication is real, but it is not enough to cure the disease.)
  • El BHI no sugiere que el agua sea una mala opción; sigue siendo la bebida más práctica y accesible.

    The BHI does not suggest that water is a bad option; it remains the most practical and accessible drink.

    No sugiere que + subjunctive; sigue siendo + noun/adjectiveCan be replaced with: El estudio no sugiere que el método sea inútil; sigue siendo el más usado. (The study does not suggest that the method is useless; it remains the most used.)
  • La cerveza, en cambio, no es buena idea para hidratarse: el alcohol suprime la hormona antidiurética y produce una mayor eliminación de agua.

    Beer, on the other hand, is not a good idea for hydration: alcohol suppresses the antidiuretic hormone and causes greater water loss.

    X, en cambio, no es buena idea para + infinitive: ...Can be replaced with: El azúcar, en cambio, no es buena idea para perder peso. (Sugar, on the other hand, is not a good idea for losing weight.)

Hydration Habits in Spain

Spain is one of Europe's largest beer-consuming countries, but in Mediterranean food culture, a glass of water after a meal is still the norm. Summer temperatures in Spain often exceed 40°C, and the public health system reminds people to stay hydrated. Interestingly, 'leche semidesnatada' (semi-skimmed milk) is the most popular type of milk in Spanish supermarkets, while 'leche desnatada' (skimmed milk) is also widely chosen by fitness enthusiasts for its low-fat profile.

Source: Spanish Ministry of Agriculture Food Consumption Data Report

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