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SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 2026 · ISSUE No. 217

B1 · IntermediateAdapted from ElDiario.es

Catalonia's Extreme Heat: The Alarming Numbers

El calor extremo en Catalunya: cifras que preocupan

Sep 5, 20261 min readGraded Spanish · word-by-word audio

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Catalunya ha registrado 1.835 muertes atribuibles al calor entre junio y agosto de este año. Esta cifra es el triple que el máximo anterior, que fue de 669 personas el año pasado. Los datos provienen del Sistema de Monitoreo de la Mortalidad Diaria (MoMo). El mes de agosto concentró la mayoría de las muertes, especialmente en la tercera semana.

En junio también se batieron récords, con 127 muertes, casi todas durante la primera ola de calor. Julio fue el peor mes desde que hay registros, con 544 muertes. En toda España, las muertes atribuibles al calor también marcaron un máximo histórico: 5.113 casos, superando los 4.653 de 2022.

La estadística de personas atendidas por el calor en la sanidad catalana es nueva de este año. Más de la mitad de los 5.771 casos fueron por insolaciones y golpes de calor, mientras que la deshidratación fue el motivo de 1.806 casos. Las urgencias atendieron a 2.121 personas, y la mayoría de las hospitalizaciones fueron por deshidratación.

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Watch out, English speaker

Spanish passive voice (ser + past participle) often includes 'por' to indicate the agent, but English speakers may forget the preposition or use 'for' instead of 'by'. For example, 'fueron atendidas por problemas' means 'were treated for problems'—here 'por' introduces the cause, not the agent. Also, Spanish passive is more common in formal writing than in English, so learners might overuse it in casual speech. Spanish comparatives like 'el triple que' express multiples (three times as many), but English speakers might literally translate 'que' as 'that' or 'than' incorrectly. For instance, 'Esta cifra es el triple que el máximo anterior' means 'This figure is triple the previous maximum'—no 'than' is needed. Similarly, 'el doble que' means 'double the', not 'double than'.

Key vocabulary

  • calorm.

    heat

    “El calor de este verano es insoportable.”— The heat this summer is unbearable.

    Pattern ola de calor heatwave

    Compare calor extremo extreme heat

    plural calores

    💡 From Latin calor, cognate with English calorie.

  • muertef.

    death

    “Las muertes por calor aumentaron este año.”— Heat-related deaths increased this year.

    Pattern muerte súbita sudden death

    Compare fallecimiento death (formal)

    plural muertes

    💡 Related to the verb morir (to die).

  • atribuibleadj.

    attributable

    “El aumento de casos es atribuible al calor.”— The rise in cases is attributable to the heat.

    Pattern atribuible a attributable to

    Compare debido a due to

    plural atribuibles

    💡 Derived from the verb atribuir (to attribute).

  • registrarv.

    to record, register

    “El país registró temperaturas históricas.”— The country recorded historic temperatures.

    Pattern registrar un récord set a record

    Compare anotar to record

    Past registró

    💡 Cognate with English register.

  • récordm.

    record

    “Este verano se batió el récord de calor.”— This summer the heat record was broken.

    Pattern batir un récord break a record

    Compare marca record

    plural récords

    💡 From English record; in Spanish it often carries an accent mark.

  • deshidrataciónf.

    dehydration

    “La deshidratación es un riesgo en verano.”— Dehydration is a risk in summer.

    Pattern sufrir deshidratación suffer dehydration

    Compare pérdida de líquidos fluid loss

    plural deshidrataciones

    💡 Prefix des- (negation) + hidratación (hydration).

  • golpe de calorm.

    heatstroke

    “Los golpes de calor son peligrosos para los ancianos.”— Heatstrokes are dangerous for the elderly.

    Pattern sufrir un golpe de calor suffer heatstroke

    Compare insolación sunstroke

    plural golpes de calor

    💡 Literally 'heat blow', a vivid expression for heatstroke.

  • sanidadf.

    public health system

    “La sanidad catalana está bajo presión.”— The Catalan health system is under pressure.

    Pattern sanidad pública public health

    Compare salud health

    no plural

    💡 Related to the adjective sano (healthy).

  • urgenciasf. pl.

    emergency room

    “Fue al hospital por urgencias.”— He went to the hospital's emergency room.

    Pattern servicio de urgencias emergency service

    Compare emergencias emergency care

    singular urgencia

    💡 Often appears in the plural, referring to the emergency department.

  • hospitalizarv.

    to hospitalize

    “El paciente fue hospitalizado por deshidratación.”— The patient was hospitalized for dehydration.

    Pattern ser hospitalizado to be hospitalized

    Compare ingresar to be admitted

    past participle hospitalizado

    💡 Formed from hospital (hospital) + -izar (verb suffix).

Grammar spotlight

Passive voice: ser + past participle

A2

Used to emphasize the receiver of the action rather than the doer. For example, 'fueron atendidas' means 'were treated' or 'were attended to'.

“Más de 5.700 personas fueron atendidas por problemas relacionados con el calor.”— More than 5,700 people were treated for heat-related problems.

⚠️ Remember that the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject, e.g., 'atendidas' (feminine plural).

Comparative: el triple que

B1

Means 'three times as many as' or 'three times more than', used for comparing quantities. A similar structure is 'el doble que' (twice as many as).

“Esta cifra es el triple que el máximo anterior.”— This figure is triple the previous maximum.

⚠️ Don't forget to use 'que' before the item being compared.

Sentence patterns to steal

  • Catalunya ha registrado 1.835 muertes atribuibles al calor entre junio y agosto de este año.

    Catalonia recorded 1,835 deaths attributable to heat between June and August of this year.

    Subject + ha registrado + quantity + atribuible a + cause + periodThe subject (place), quantity, cause, and time period can be replaced.
  • Esta cifra es el triple que el máximo anterior.

    This figure is triple the previous maximum.

    Esta cifra es el triple que + comparison'el triple' can be replaced with 'el doble', etc.
  • El mes de agosto concentró la mayoría de las muertes.

    The month of August concentrated the majority of deaths.

    Subject (time/place) + concentró + la mayoría de + nounThe time, place, and noun can be replaced.
  • En junio también se batieron récords.

    In June, records were also broken.

    En + month + se batieron récordsThe month can be replaced.
  • Más de la mitad de los 5.771 casos fueron por insolaciones y golpes de calor.

    More than half of the 5,771 cases were due to sunstroke and heatstroke.

    Más de la mitad de + quantity + fueron por + causeThe proportion, quantity, and cause can be replaced.

Spain's Heat Monitoring System

The MoMo system of the Carlos III Health Institute in Spain has monitored daily mortality since 2015 to assess the health impact of heat. Summer heat is one of the main health risks Spain faces each year.

Source: Instituto de Salud Carlos III

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